Introduction to HJT Technology
Heterojunction (HJT) solar cells, also known as HIT or SHJ, combine crystalline silicon wafers with ultra-thin amorphous silicon layers on both sides to maximize light capture and minimize energy loss—creating a hybrid that offers the best of both technologies.
The intrinsic amorphous silicon layers provide excellent surface passivation, reducing recombination and improving efficiency and lifespan.
N-type silicon avoids the boron-oxygen defe
ct seen in P-type cells, which enhances long-term stability.
N-Type HJT modules commonly exceed 24% monofacial efficiency, with bifacial formats often delivering 30% or more gain by capturing reflected light from both sides.
Bifaciality factors typically reach 80–95%, significantly higher than conventional PERC modules (~70%).
HJT panels maintain efficiency better under heat, with a lower temperature coefficient (e.g., ~−0.24% / °C), outperforming PERC by around 4.5% efficiency at ~60 °C.
These modules degrade slowly: average loss around 0.4% per year, delivering around 85% of rated power after 30 years.
In early 2025, Trina Solar unveiled an n-type fully passivated HJT module with a world-record 25.44% efficiency, verified by independent testing. This achievement underscores HJT’s potential to drive down installation costs, as smaller areas can produce the same output. Market share remains modest—around 7% in 2024, projected to rise to 9% by 2026—but is expected to grow rapidly as manufacturing scales.
| Feature | N-Type HJT | TOPCon (N-Type) |
|---|---|---|
| Efficiency | Up to ~26–30% (bifacial) | ~24–28% |
| Temperature Loss | Lower temperature coefficient (better performance) | Good performance, slightly less optimized |
| Manufacturing | More complex, costlier upfront | Easier upgrade from PERC lines, scalable |
| Degradation | Very low (≈0.4%/yr) | Also low, avoids LID (light-induced degradation) |
| Bifaciality | Very high (80–95%) | High, effective in bifacial designs |
N-Type HJT solar panels combine exceptional efficiency, superior temperature tolerance, long-term reliability, and high bifacial gain, making them among the most advanced photovoltaic technologies available.
The 25.44% efficiency milestone highlights HJT's commercial potential and foreshadows future cost reductions and adoption growth.
While TOPCon technology is currently easier to integrate into existing manufacturing lines and may scale faster, HJT’s long-term performance advantages make it a compelling choice for future-minded solar projects.
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