What does a galvo scanner do?

A galvo scanner (short for galvanometer scanner) is an optical device that rapidly steers a laser beam or light beam to precise positions by using small, fast-moving mirrors.
Here’s what it does and how it works:

Core Function

• Beam Steering:
  The galvo scanner moves a laser or light beam horizontally (X-axis), vertically (Y-axis), or in complex patterns by tilting mirrors at high speed and with extreme accuracy.

How It Works

1. Galvanometer Motor:
   Each mirror is mounted on a galvanometer—a type of motor that rotates proportionally to an input electrical signal.

2. Controller & Feedback:
   Sensors provide feedback so the system knows the exact angle of each mirror, enabling precise positioning.

3. Two-Mirror Setup:
   Most systems use two mirrors: one for X-axis movement and another for Y-axis movement, allowing 2D scanning.

Typical Uses

• Laser Marking & Engraving: Directs the laser to etch or cut materials like metals, plastics, or wood.

• 3D Printing & Stereolithography: Cures resin or powder layer by layer with pinpoint accuracy.

• Medical & Ophthalmology: Guides surgical or diagnostic lasers (e.g., retinal scanning, laser eye surgery).

• Lidar & Imaging: Scans environments for mapping and distance measurement.

Key Advantages

• High Speed: Capable of moving a beam thousands of times per second.

• Precision: Micron-level positioning accuracy.

• Flexibility: Can create complex shapes or patterns without moving the entire laser head.

In short, a galvo scanner is the mechanism that rapidly and precisely aims a laser beam, making it essential for applications where fast, accurate beam positioning is critical.