KMPS Full Form, Composition & Chemical Formula

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Full Form

KMPS stands for Potassium Peroxymonosulfate.

It is sometimes abbreviated as PMPS (Potassium Monopersulfate) or referred to by common trade names such as Oxone® or Caroat.

Chemical Composition

Understanding the composition of KMPS requires distinguishing between the pure chemical and the commercial product.

1. The Pure Compound

Pure potassium peroxymonosulfate is the monopotassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid (also known as Caro's acid). Its chemical identity is:

Chemical Name: Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate

Molecular Formula: KHSO₅

In this pure form, the molecule contains one potassium atom, one hydrogen atom, one sulfur atom, and five oxygen atoms. However, pure KHSO₅ is relatively unstable and difficult to handle for industrial applications.

2. The Commercial Triple Salt (Most Common Form)

What is almost always sold and used as "KMPS" in industry is actually a stable triple salt. This formulation was developed to improve stability, safety, and shelf life. The triple salt consists of three distinct components combined in a crystalline matrix.

The composition is:

2KHSO₅ · KHSO₄ · K₂SO₄

This formula indicates that for every one formula unit of the triple salt, there are:

Two units of potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHSO₅) – the active oxidizing agent

One unit of potassium bisulfate (KHSO₄) – provides acidity and stability

One unit of potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) – a neutral salt that acts as a bulking and stabilizing agent

The triple salt form has a much lower decomposition rate than pure KHSO₅, making it practical for storage, transport, and commercial use.

Active Oxygen Content

When evaluating KMPS quality, the most important parameter is the available active oxygen content. This represents the percentage of oxygen available for oxidation reactions.

Theoretical maximum active oxygen in pure KHSO₅: Approximately 10.5%

Typical active oxygen in commercial triple salt: ≥ 4.5% to ≥ 4.8%

Typical KHSO₅ content in commercial product: ≥ 42.8%

The remaining composition is approximately 50-55% inorganic salts (KHSO₄ and K₂SO₄), which act as stabilizers and diluents.

Chemical Structure Explanation

The active component KHSO₅ contains a peroxymonosulfate group (-O-O-SO₃H). This peroxy bond (O-O) is the source of the compound's oxidizing power. When dissolved in water, it can release active oxygen or generate sulfate radicals under activation, enabling it to oxidize organic and inorganic contaminants effectively.

In contrast, the accompanying salts (KHSO₄ and K₂SO₄) do not participate in oxidation reactions but contribute to the product's stability, solubility, and safe handling characteristics.

Conclusion

Full Form: Potassium Peroxymonosulfate (KMPS)

Pure Compound Formula: KHSO₅ (potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate)

Commercial Triple Salt Formula: 2KHSO₅ · KHSO₄ · K₂SO₄

CAS Number: 70693-62-8 (for the triple salt)

Understanding this distinction is critical when purchasing or specifying KMPS, as the triple salt is the standard commercial product used across water treatment, aquaculture, cleaning, and electronics industries. Always verify the active oxygen content and KHSO₅ percentage on the Certificate of Analysis to ensure product quality.